| |
ATTRIBUTES |
"C"
CORPORATION |
"S"
CORPORATION |
"LLC" |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
Continuity
of life |
indefinite |
indefinite |
definite,
but agreements |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
Contribution
of property |
nontaxable
only under section 351 |
generally
non taxable with less restrictions |
generally
non-taxable with less restrictions |
|
|
|
|
|
| 3 |
Deductibility
of losses |
deductible
by corporation |
generally
deductible by shareholder to the extent of basis; liabilities do not
increase loss deduction basis except for direct loans form shareholder
passive loss rules apply |
generally
deductible, liabilities do increase basis; passive loss rules apply. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
Distributions
to owner |
not
deductible by corporation; generally ordinary income to shareholder |
non
taxable to extent of basis in stock and direct loans to corporations |
generally
same as partnership; no double tax |
|
|
|
|
|
| 5 |
Health
care for employee/owner |
health
care premiums and other payments are deductible |
health
care premiums and other payments are deductible, but as compensation
(percentage limitation applies) |
health
care premiums and other payments are deductible, but as compensation
(percentage limitation applies) |
|
|
|
|
|
| 6 |
Liability
of owners |
generally
limited to assets in corporation |
generally
limited to assets in corporation |
generally
limited to assets in LLC |
|
|
|
|
|
| 7 |
Life
Insurance for employee/owner |
premiums
for $50,000 group term life are deductible |
premiums
are deductible, but as compensation |
intentionally
blank |
|
|
|
|
|
| 8 |
Liquidating
distribution |
at
corporation level treated as a sale of property; gain to shareholder if
FMV exceeds stock basis |
at
corporate level treated as sale of property; gain passes through and
increases shareholder basis |
reduces
basis - potential tax consequences |
| 9 |
Maximum
tax rate |
34%,
with a 5% surtax for taxable income between $100K and $335K |
generally
taxable at individual shareholder level |
generally
taxable at individual shareholder level |
|
|
|
|
|
| 10 |
Qualified
retirement plans for employee/owner |
payments
are deductible if plan is non-discriminatory |
payments
are deductible if plan is non-discriminatory |
payments
are deductible if plan is non-discriminatory |
|
|
|
|
|
| 11 |
Tax year |
may select
any fiscal year if not a personal service corporation |
generally
must use calendar year |
generally
must use calendar year |
|
|
|
|
|
| 12 |
Taxability
of income |
taxable to
corporation; then non-deductible dividends taxed again at shareholder
level. |
generally
taxable to shareholder |
generally
taxable to shareholder |
|
|
|
|
|
| 13 |
Transferability
of interests |
generally
freely transferable |
generally
freely transferable |
restricted
transferability like GP or LP |
|
|
|
|
|
| 14 |
Required
minimum number of owners |
1 |
1 |
1, but 2
for tax purposes |
|
|
|
|
|
| 15 |
Maximum
number of owners |
none |
75 |
none |
|
|
|
|
|
| 16 |
Mandatory
time sensitive election necessary |
no |
yes,
within 75 days of incorporation |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| 17 |
Limitations
of types of owners |
no |
yes |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| 18 |
Debt of
company increases basis |
no |
no |
yes -
important tax benefit where losses are anticipated |
|
|
|
|
|
| 19 |
Can own
100% of a corporation |
yes |
yes |
yes |