ATTRIBUTES "C"  CORPORATION "S" CORPORATION "LLC"
1 Continuity of life indefinite indefinite definite, but agreements
2 Contribution of property nontaxable only under section 351 generally non taxable with less restrictions generally non-taxable with less restrictions
3 Deductibility of losses deductible by corporation generally deductible by shareholder to the extent of basis; liabilities do not increase loss deduction basis except for direct loans form shareholder passive loss rules apply generally deductible, liabilities do increase basis; passive loss rules apply.
4 Distributions to owner not deductible by corporation; generally ordinary income to shareholder non taxable to extent of basis in stock and direct loans to corporations generally same as partnership; no double tax
5 Health care for employee/owner health care premiums and other payments are deductible health care premiums and other payments are deductible, but as compensation (percentage limitation applies) health care premiums and other payments are deductible, but as compensation (percentage limitation applies)
6 Liability of owners generally limited to assets in corporation generally limited to assets in corporation generally limited to assets in LLC
7 Life Insurance for employee/owner premiums for $50,000 group term life are deductible premiums are deductible, but as compensation intentionally blank
8 Liquidating distribution at corporation level treated as a sale of property; gain to shareholder if FMV exceeds stock basis at corporate level treated as sale of property; gain passes through and increases shareholder basis reduces basis - potential tax consequences
9 Maximum tax rate 34%, with a 5% surtax for taxable income between $100K and $335K generally taxable at individual shareholder level generally taxable at individual shareholder level
10 Qualified retirement plans for employee/owner payments are deductible if plan is non-discriminatory payments are deductible if plan is non-discriminatory payments are deductible if plan is non-discriminatory
11 Tax year may select any fiscal year if not a personal service corporation generally must use calendar year generally must use calendar year
12 Taxability of income taxable to corporation; then non-deductible dividends taxed again at shareholder level. generally taxable to shareholder generally taxable to shareholder
13 Transferability of interests generally freely transferable generally freely transferable restricted transferability like GP or LP
14 Required minimum number of owners 1 1 1, but 2 for tax purposes
15 Maximum number of owners none 75 none
16 Mandatory time sensitive election necessary no yes, within 75 days of incorporation no
17 Limitations of types of owners no yes no
18 Debt of company increases basis no no yes - important tax benefit where losses are anticipated
19 Can own 100% of a corporation yes yes yes